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一份来自于澳大利亚教育研究协会的报告指出，为了帮助政府更好地评判一所学校整体教育质量，学生可能被要求参加更多的考试来提供所需的指标。
传统上，政府通过对学校拨款的运用，新教师的聘用数等方面考核学校的教学质量。但是这个协会发现，这种传统做法越来越失效。教育研究协会的Andrew Dowling博士认为，尽管政府每年投入大量财力，但是澳洲学生的文学和数学能力在国际地位上却并没有得到改善，因此学生的考试表现必须成为考察学校的新指标。
Dowling博士还介绍说市场导向应该取代政府干预来达到监督学校教育质量的“隐形之手”。他引用美国的教育体系来作证，认为增加考试数量帮助市场更好地判断一个学校的水准。
然而来自美国的调查却指出美国学生的考试数量过多，以至于影响了美国教育质量。
是该肩负还是增压呢？
More school tests needed, says report
http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/more-school-tests-needed-says-report/2009/01/14/1231608794608.html
Anna Patty Education Editor
January 15, 2009
STUDENT performance in external tests is the new "bottom line" in education on which schools and teachers will increasingly be judged, a new policy paper from the Australian Council of Educational Research says.
Governments could no longer justify their performance in education in terms of the amount of new money they spent, the number of extra teachers hired or the range of new computers provided to schools, the author of the ACER paper, Andrew Dowling, said.
The move towards more standardised testing was a response to the relatively poor return on trillions of dollars invested internationally on education each year. Despite big spending on education, student performance in international literacy and numeracy tests had not improved over the years.
"Today, educators need to show how they have transformed current and new dollars into student achievement results," Dr Dowling said. "Output measures, particularly those related to student achievement, are the new bottom line."
Dr Dowling, an ACER research fellow, advocates Australia's move towards a national testing regime and proposals for wide reporting of student results to allow comparisons between schools.
ACER has benefited from many Federal Government contracts over time. Dr Walker said the Government had not commissioned this research.
Australia does not attach penalties to poor performance in student tests, as is done in the US education system, but Dr Dowling said the architecture was in place, to a greater degree than in the US, for individual schools to be compared on national tests. "There needs to be more evidence that rewards and punishments are actually working," he said.
Dr Dowling said the US education system had combined a faith in the free market with its emphasis on measuring student test results. "The efficient operation of any market requires good information and this is exactly what student testing provides," he said.
"The idea that market forces can advance society much more effectively than government intervention is, in fact, one of the major reasons behind the introduction of student testing on a large scale."
Advocating Australia's progressive development of a national testing regime, he said it had not gone far enough in evaluating programs that were designed to improve the performance of the most disadvantaged students.
Dr Dowling said there was a widespread belief that accountability systems forced teachers to teach to the test and impose "test-focused drilling". Asked whether these beliefs were justified, he said he could not say.
However, analysis by American academics, including Diane Ravitch, a research professor of education at New York University, has supported the belief that testing in the US is excessive and has undermined the quality of education.
The Herald yesterday reported that the head of the Federal Government's National Curriculum Board, Barry McGaw, would head a global initiative, run by technology companies Microsoft, Intel and Cisco, to improve international testing of student skills such as literacy and numeracy. |
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