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Australian Animals - Fish 鱼类
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Sharks
Sharks are fish.
There are different kinds of shark.
Some are small and some are very big.
Sharks are found in shallow sea and deep oceans.
They eat fish, shellfish, animals and even other sharks.
Sharks have been on earth almost unchanged since the time of the dinosaurs.
There are many different kinds of shark. The largest shark is the Whale shark at about thirteen and a half metres long. The smallest is the Spined pygmy shark at less than 18 cm long.
Habitat and Distribution (where they are found)
Sharks are found all over the world in a wide range of watery habitats, from shallow coastal waters to deep oceans.
Whale shark and human diver
Body and Behaviours
Sharks' bodies are rounded, and taper at both ends, a shape which means they use little energy to swim. They have five different kinds of fins, which are stiff. One or two dorsal fins, a pair of pectoral fins, a pair of pelvic fins and a caudal fin (the tail) together lift, propel and stabilise the shark. Some sharks have an anal fin.
鲨鱼,在古代叫作鲛、鲛鲨、沙鱼,是海洋中的庞然大物,所以号称“海中狼”。鲨鱼的鼻孔位于头部腹面口的前方,有的具有口鼻沟,连接在鼻口隅之间,嗅囊的褶皱增加了与外界环境的接触面积。鲨鱼属于软骨鱼类,身上没有鱼鳔,调节沉浮主要靠它很大的肝脏。根据化石考察和科学家推算得知,鲨鱼在地上生活了约1.8亿年,它早在3亿多年前就已经存在,至今外形都没有多大改变,说明它的生存能力极强,人称海洋“猎手”。
根据1971年的拉斯分类系统向下分为
六鳃鲨目 :软骨鱼纲的1目。只有六鳃鲨科1科3属约4种。中国有3属3种。结构原始。鳃孔6~7个。眼无瞬膜或瞬褶。有喷水孔。背鳍1个,无硬棘,后位,具臀鳍;胸鳍的中轴骨伸达鳍的前缘,前鳍软骨无辐状鳍条。脊椎分节不完全,但椎体多少钙化,脊索部分或不缢缩。吻软骨1个。
鼠鲨目:鼠鲨目又称鲭鲨目,侧孔总目中最大的一个目。包括现代的大多数种类。鳃孔5对。背鳍2个,无棘,具臀鳍。眼无瞬膜或瞬褶。椎体具辐射状钙化区,4个不钙化区无钙化辐条侵入。颌舌接型,上颌仅以韧带连于头骨。 被认为较其他鲨类对人更有危害性,又称食人鲨、白死鲨。分布于各大洋热带及温带区,一般生活在开放洋区,但常会进入内陆水域。因有时会在未受刺激的情形下对游泳、潜水、冲浪的人,甚至小型船只进行致命的攻击而恶名昭彰。食量大,食物包括鱼类、海龟、海鸟、海狮、海船上所弃杂物等。 |
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