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对你爱不完 发表于 2020-12-31 02:46 
大哥，咱要是最基本的东西都没搞懂，就别搞这么多形而上的东东了，会走火入魔的
这是national geographi ...
However, some desalination plants were put in stand-by modes in 2010 following above average rainfall levels and floods in 2010.
Over 50 per cent of runoff occurred in northern Australia. Only 6 per cent of Australia's runoff was in the Murray-Darling Basin, where 50 per cent of Australia's water use occurs.
Some 90% of Melbourne's drinking water comes from uninhabited mountain ash forests high up in the Yarra Ranges east of Melbourne.
More than four million people in Sydney, the Illawarra, the Blue Mountains and the Southern Highlands rely on the catchments of the Warragamba, Upper Nepean, Blue Mountains, Shoalhaven, and Woronora river systems to supply their drinking water. This is about 60 per cent of the population of New South Wales.
悉尼和墨尔本几乎都靠地表水，淡化厂有但没多少还很多不开工了
50%以上的水都是用在Murray-Darling Basin放牧种地的，而北部有很多地表水，没有人去用，都在东南建房子种地放牧罢了。
因为澳大利亚人每天每人消耗340升水。其中，室外使用特别重，占洗车，驾车道和以每小时约1,000升的速度使用花园洒水的家庭消费的近一半。尽管许多澳大利亚人越来越意识到水的问题，但悉尼自1990年以来已将其人均日用水量减少了200升，进一步节水对于将未来的水资源压力降至最低至关重要。
一个关键因素将是澳大利亚异常的人口集中，其中80％居住在一些大型沿海城市。通过从废水回收到大型海水淡化厂等综合基础设施，这具有显着提高水效率的潜力。但是，远离沿海城市，获取淡水变得更加成问题。许多农村家庭依靠雨水或地下水，而雨水或矿泉水往往因矿物质含量高而受污染。这些本地供应日益减少，越来越需要通过购买淡水轮船来补充，或者在财政允许的情况下，为长距离输水计划铺设管道以维持较大的城镇。
到目前为止，农业仍然是澳大利亚供水量最大的流失，占水足迹的70％。澳大利亚农业利润的一半来自灌溉农业，而农业集中在墨累达令盆地。在这里，大规模的过度开采迫使政府在千年干旱期间采取了严格的用水限制措施，导致棉花产量减少了四分之一，肉类产量减少了一半，稻米种植几乎完全停止了。这导致更加严格的法规和对更有效的灌溉计划的持续投资。同时，尽管工业仅使用了澳大利亚16％的水足迹，但采矿等耗水重工业却在上升，特别是在干旱的内陆地区。
澳大利亚的干旱和承载量低，是相对而言，不能像美国和中国和印度的地方那样可以承载十几亿几十亿人的意思，但在美国也可以搜出：
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr ... ed_States#Water_use
Among the main issues facing water users and the water industry in the U.S. in 2009 are water scarcity and adaptation to climate change; concerns about combined sewer overflows and drinking water quality; as well as concerns about a gap between investment needs and actual investments. Other issues are concerns about a swiftly retiring workforce, the affordability of water bills for the poor during a recession, and water fluoridation, which is opposed by some mainly on ethical and safety grounds.
Water scarcity and climate change
With water use in the United States increasing every year, many regions are starting to feel the pressure. At least 36 states are anticipating local, regional, or statewide water shortages by 2013, even under non-drought conditions.[90]
According to the National Academies, climate change affects water supply in the U.S. in the following ways:
Rising water demands. Hotter summers mean thirstier people and plants. In addition, more evaporation from reservoirs and irrigated farmland will lead to faster depletion of water supplies.
Increased drought. Scientific evidence suggests that rising temperatures in the southwestern United States will reduce river flows and contribute to an increased severity, frequency, and duration of droughts.
Seasonal supply reductions. Many utilities depend on winter snowpack to store water and then gradually release it through snowmelt during spring and summer. Warmer temperatures will accelerate snowmelt, causing the bulk of the runoff to occur earlier and potentially increasing water storage needs in these areas.[9]
因而澳大利亚目前至少可以说和美国一样算是地广人稀，更不要说海水淡化 |
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早晨的火车 (2008-8-25) youyuan 
楼主:duckruck
发表于 2020-12-30 15:33
