还是学英语吧

tina50

venereal：(of a disease) transmitted by sexual intercourse

prostitution：means having sex with people in exchange for money.

contraception：refers to methods of preventing pregnancy.

Illegitimacy：is the state of being born of parents who were not married to each other.

tina50

Hoarding boom is over: CBA says shoppers have closed their wallets

Shoppers have stopped hoarding and instead are bunkering down with sharp falls in spending across the board with Victorian and NSW consumers snapping their wallets tight.

Figures compiled by the Commonwealth Bank based on its extensive credit and debit card network suggests the combination of coronavirus-linked shutdowns and early hoarding is now hitting the entire retail sector.

In the week to April 10, spending on clothing is now 58 per cent lower than for the same time last year. Transport spending (44 per cent), personal care and beauty products (61 per cent) and recreation (37 per cent) have also recorded huge falls.

While there's been a 23 per cent lift in sales through bottle shops, this has not been enough to offset a 72 per cent collapse in spending through hotels, pubs and bars.


https://www.smh.com.au/politics/ ... 0200415-p54jx5.html

https://www.oursteps.com.au/bbs/ ... &extra=page%3D1

tina50

tina50 发表于 2020-4-15 21:04
Shoppers have stopped hoarding and instead are bunkering down with sharp falls in spending across  ...

Shoppers have stopped hoarding and instead are bunkering down with sharp falls in spending across the board with Victorian and NSW consumers snapping their wallets tight.
... ...
Shoppers have stopped hoarding and instead, they are with sharp falls in spending across the board with Victorian and NSW consumers snapping their wallets tight.
... ...

bunkering down: 家里蹲，这一用法很澳洲，看了两篇关于bunker down的讨论，有趣，附在下面楼层
... ...

Across the board

If a policy or a situation applies across the board, it affects everything or everyone in a particular group.

if a policy or development applies across the board, it applies equally to all the people or areas of business connected with it

tina50

第一篇：

Do you hunker down or bunker down?

It depends on what kind of emergency you are facing. A bunker in the First World War was a reinforced concrete underground shelter, designed to withstand a bomb. To bunker down is to find shelter against attack, whether that shelter is physical or metaphorical. People preparing for a cyclone would bunker down.

Oddly enough the origin of the word bunker is not clear but the best guess is that it belongs in a set of words that relate to a bench. The bunker in its primary meaning is a simple bench in a house, or a carved out embankment in the fields or, later on, a dugout, usually reinforced with concrete. It relates to a bank or carved out side of a river, or a bench or built-in platform on a ship.  They all have the same rough shape, and are, in many cases, dug into the ground.

To hunker is to squat on one’s haunches. Originally – and we are talking the 1700s in British English – there was no particular connotation associated with it. You might hunker down to have a rest or to play cards or any other game that required you to squat on the ground. This form of hunkering was originally Scottish.

The expression to hunker down appears in US English in the early 1900s and meant the same as ‘to dig in’. It was to provide stiff opposition to opposing forces – the forces of the enemy or the forces of luck –  by concentrating all one’s strength into a solid ball. Again the First World War provided many opportunities to hunker down.

I would say that bunkering down has more military connotations for us than hunkering down, the former being something that you would as the air raid warning sounded, the latter being something that you might do in a football scrum.

Want some help with other common confusables? Check out our other comparison blogs



https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/blog/article/242/

tina50

第二篇：

Q&A: Hunker vs bunker

Q: Hi AWC, my American friend said I was wrong to bunker down at home and get some writing done.

A: Yeah, that sounds fair.

Q: Wrong? Working hard is wrong? Well it may be fine for you to kick back in your ivory tower of semantic smugness, polishing your apostrophes and sipping cocktails with ampersands… but some of us have bestsellers to write!

A: No, we meant that they would have thought ‘bunker’ was wrong.

Q: Oh. Really?

A: Yep.

Q: What should it be?

A: Hunker down.

Q: Is “hunker” even a word?

A: Yep, but not all that common, which doesn’t help. It’s a verb meaning to squat/crouch down – originating from Scottish around 1720. It’s perhaps linked to the word “haunch”. According to the Online Etymology folks, to “hunker down” was a southern US dialect phrase from 1902 that became widespread in the 1960s.

Q: Oh wait – I HAVE heard of it. Elvis used it when he sang “hunker, hunker, hunker, hunker burning love” – right?

A: Well, many said he hunkered on stage a lot, but no, The King was in fact singing “hunk of, hunk of burning love”.

Q: I’m all shook up at that news. So what about “bunker down” then? Lots of people seem to use that for the same thing.

A: Well, it rhymes for starters. But you’re not going crazy – it has popped up more and more in recent decades.

Q: So it IS acceptable?

A: It’s all about location and usage. Here in Australia, the Macquarie Dictionary lists “hunker down” as purely all about crouching and hiding, while “bunker down” relates to “retreating from the outside world to a place of isolation”.

Q: So that seems like I could choose either, right?

A: Yes, but probably only here. In the US, Merriam-Webster doesn’t even acknowledge “bunker down” at all, while “hunkering down” is listed both as the crouchy hide-and-seek, bomb-shelter version AND more generally ‘to stay in a place for a period of time’.

Q: Hmmmm. And England?

A: Well, Oxford Dictionaries do concede that one verb form of “bunker” is to take shelter – much like the noun is a type of shelter (e.g. “underground bunker”). But the idea of “bunkering down” is limited typically to being in a purpose built shelter.

Q: That’s so weird. I always hear Aussie news readers advising people to “bunker down” in a cyclone. But they just mean at home.

A: Yes, as we said. Whether it’s a storm or a global pandemic, Australians seem more at home – literally – with ‘bunkering down’.

Q: No wonder my American friend said ‘return to sender’ to my usage – they’re all busy “hunkering down” instead, right?

A: Absolutely. In fact, they would regard “bunkering down” as complete nonsense – as do many grammar purists. It does appear to be a corruption formed by the act of hunkering in a bunker.

Q: Suspicious minds might say that that’s how languages evolve, right?

A: That’s true. Although user beware, as Urban Dictionary doesn’t give “bunker down” a glowing recommendation: “A term morons use, particularly when bad weather is afoot, to which they confuse the meaning of ‘hunker’ with..”

Q: Don’t be cruel. So we’re gauging things with Urban Dictionary now, are we?

A: Haha, no, but it’s worth noting that if you DO wish to use “bunker down” when describing home quarantine, cyclones or otherwise, be prepared for possible ridicule – even if it’s accepted here in Australia. And remember, if it’s related simply to getting stuck in and working hard, it’s probably “hunker down” you should be hankering for.

Q: What a clunker. You’re quite the debunker. Danke.

A: No problem. Now, haven’t you got some hunkering to do?

Q: I do indeed. A little less conversation. Thank you kindly. Thankyouvermuch.


https://www.writerscentre.com.au/blog/qa-hunker-vs-bunker/

tina50

新闻比较长，对下面这段感兴趣，截来放这里，同时附上新足迹新闻版的译文：

  What's the story with antibodies?

Antibodies are proteins that are released by the immune system to neutralise a threat, like a virus.

We've so far found with coronavirus that those infected have had different antibody responses, some weak, some strong.

The ABC has received many questions around how long immunity lasts and whether someone can be reinfected.

So is antibody response critical to whether or not a vaccine is going to work?

To answer this we have to go back to what we know about coronaviruses that cause the common cold, according to Professor Frazer.

"Yes, you get antibodies after a [cold] infection, and yes it lasts for a while, but it's not lifelong... sort of months rather than years," he said.

"I think it would be fair to say that the natural immunity that you get after infection from this coronavirus is probably going to turn out like the coronaviruses we've seen in the past.


那么抗体呢？

抗体是一种免疫系统为了消除病毒这样的威胁时释放的蛋白质。

我们目前发现受冠状病毒感染而产生的抗体反应不同，有的强，有的弱。

ABC曾在节目中收到很多关于免疫力的问题，免疫力能够保持多久，已经有过免疫力的人是否还会被感染。

那么是否抗体反应对疫苗是否有效至关重要？

Frazer教授说，要回答这个问题，我们需要回到我们之前已知的冠状病毒引起的普通感冒。

“是的，我们在感冒后会具备抗体，能管用一段时间，但是并不是终生有效……抗体只能管几个月而不是几年。”

“我认为可以说，受这种冠状病毒感染而产生的自然的免疫力，就会像我们之前所经历过的那些冠状病毒一样。”

“免疫力能够自然保护我们几个月，可能甚至几年，但不会是永久的。”

“好消息是如果在被感染几个月之后又重新被感染，可能有足够免疫力让你不会病得很严重。”

https://www.abc.net.au/news/heal ... ian-frazer/12146616
https://www.oursteps.com.au/bbs/ ... mp;tid=1586015&

tina50

所以和病毒作斗争要保证足够的蛋白质摄入，饮食不能太素了？
还好，我啥都吃，不挑食

bigcrow

tina50 发表于 2020-4-17 19:38
所以和病毒作斗争要保证足够的蛋白质摄入，饮食不能太素了？
还好，我啥都吃，不挑食 ...

俺挑肥不拣瘦，好吃的吃，不好吃的不吃。
什么是抗体，搞不清楚，老是感冒的人老是感冒，反正问题一堆。
前天去打针，头一次，全家都打，别无选择。本来按照群体免疫的说法，俺就算不打也已经属于列入被保护范围了吧。

tina50

bigcrow 发表于 2020-4-17 21:02
俺挑肥不拣瘦，好吃的吃，不好吃的不吃。
什么是抗体，搞不清楚，老是感冒的人老是感冒，反正问题一堆。
...

我的理解是，如果你的活动范围仅限居家，那么家里其他成员都打了，而你不打，应该能达到群体免疫效果了

linegar

tina50 发表于 2020-4-17 21:33
我的理解是，如果你的活动范围仅限居家，那么家里其他成员都打了，而你不打，应该能达到群体免疫效果了

...

Protect others
Protect our loved ones
Protect ourselves
The the message that this covid tells us is simple:
If we don’t protect others, we can’t be safe.

tina50

linegar 发表于 2020-4-18 21:09
Protect others
Protect our loved ones
Protect ourselves

We understand this is a stressful time and want to know what we can do to protect ourselves and our families.

我个人对流感疫苗知之不多，今天看了这个帖子，加深了一些了解

https://www.oursteps.com.au/bbs/ ... page%3D1&page=2

linegar

tina50 发表于 2020-4-18 23:06
We understand this is a stressful time and want to know what we can do to protect ourselves and ou ...

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017 ... l-important/8436684

tina50

linegar 发表于 2020-4-19 20:42
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-12/flu-vaccine-wont-make-you-immune-but-its-still-important/8 ...

感谢分享

tina50

Finding the Right Words in a Crisis

When New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that all nonessential workers should stay home to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, a reporter asked why he had decided to issue a “shelter-in-place” order. Cuomo corrected him:

“It is not shelter in place. Words matter, because people are scared, and people panic. Shelter in place is used currently for an active shooter or a school shooting. We are fighting a war on two fronts. We are fighting the virus, and we are fighting fear. When we act on fears, then we’re in a dangerous place.”

Throughout much of human history, leaders have relied on their words to spark action. And many economists and CEOs today swear that words are the most important tool in a world where “command and control” leadership has given way to power by persuasion.

Cuomo has mastered the skill. His press briefings demonstrate how in times of crisis, words are essential to capturing the attention and trust of your audience. Business leaders who want to serve as beacons of clarity and hope for their teams during this uncertain time can follow his lead by applying a few best practices to their speech.



https://hbr.org/2020/04/finding-the-right-words-in-a-crisis

tina50

Replace long words with short ones. In his groundbreaking book Thinking, Fast and Slow, Nobel economist Daniel Kahneman writes, “If you care about being thought credible and intelligent, do not use complex language where simpler language will do.” Effective leaders speak in simple language — and simple means short.

This is especially true during a crisis, when attention spans are flagging and noise levels are high. People are being bombarded by information, some of which is misleading or false. The clearer and more concise you are, the better your chances of getting your message across and persuading people to act on it.

In mid-March, when Cuomo issued the order that would upend life for millions of New Yorkers and shut down the world’s financial center, he had to make the news instantly clear and understandable. So he tweeted this message: “Stay Home. Stop the Spread. Save Lives.” The post spoke volumes — in just 39 characters amounting to seven one-syllable words.

tina50

If Cuomo had tried to come off as what many consider “professional,” his message might have sounded like this: “For the preservation of public health and safety, I hereby order all residents not engaged in essential activities that impact critical infrastructure to remain in their residences in order to mitigate the propagation of the coronavirus and to minimize morbidity and mortality.”

Consider the two messages side-by-side. The “professional” version is confusing and convoluted, full of the bureaucratic jargon effective communicators avoid. The Twitter message uses simple Anglo-Saxon words such as “stay,” “home,” and “lives.”  Compared with words derived from Latin, Anglo-Saxon words are more likely to be monosyllabic, concrete, and easy to understand.

As you think about how to share your next message, remember that language influenced by the Anglo-Saxon period has been used by many great leaders. Winston Churchill once said, “The shorter words of a language are usually the more ancient. Their meaning is more ingrained in the national character and they appeal to greater force.” In a memo titled “Brevity,” he urged government administrators to replace long “woolly phrases” with single conversational words, pointing out that brevity equals clarity and that directness makes things easier to understand.

tina50

Find analogies. Neuroscientists have found that our brains process the world by associating the new or unknown with something familiar. When presented with a novel idea, our brains don’t ask, “What is it?” They ask, “What is it like?”

Analogies answer that question. They serve as mental shortcuts that help us understand complex events. Leaders who are great communicators in a crisis are skilled at finding analogies, because they have to persuade people to act quickly.

Cuomo used that strategy on April 4, resurrecting President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “fire hose” analogy to explain why it was in Oregon’s best interests to send 140 ventilators to New York. “We’re all in the same battle,” he said. “You want to contain the enemy. Oregon could have a significant problem towards May. Our problem is now. It’s smart from Oregon’s self-interest. They see the fire spreading. Stop the fire where it is before it gets to my home.”

tina50

Let’s look at the original context. In 1940, with Nazi Germany having set its sights on England after conquering France, Churchill appealed to Roosevelt for arms and supplies. In response, Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease program, under which America would loan war supplies to allies while remaining neutral itself. Here’s how he sold it to the public: “Suppose my neighbor’s home catches fire, and I have a length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away,” he said. “If he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire.”

Roosevelt emphasized that he wouldn’t ask his neighbor to pay for the hose ahead of time. If it was intact after the war, the neighbor would return it. If it was damaged, the neighbor would replace it. The message, in short: Although both sides are acting out of self-interest, they can work together to stop chaos from spreading.

After drawing on Roosevelt’s analogy from 80 years before, Cuomo observed that “FDR had such a beautiful way of taking complicated issues and communicating [them] in common-sense language.”

tina50

Personalize the crisis. The human brain is also wired for storytelling. In his best-selling book Sapiens, historian Yuval Noah Harari argues that it was only through stories that our species was able to conquer the world. Our advanced language skills — specifically, our ability to connect with one another through narrative — allowed us to cooperate in ways other species could not.

Cooperation is essential in a crisis, so effective leaders need to be strong storytellers.

Dr. Deborah Birx, the White House’s Coronavirus Response Coordinator, is a case in point. She has built a reputation for using personal stories to connect with her audiences. On March 25 she told a heart-wrenching story to underscore the importance of social distancing.

tina50

Birx’s grandmother, Leah, was just 11 years old during the 1918 flu pandemic, which killed some 50 million people. Leah caught the flu and infected her mother, who had a comprised immune system and died from the disease. “[Leah] never forgot that she was the child who was in school who innocently brought that flu home,”Birx said. “My grandmother lived with that for 88 years. This is not a theoretical. This is a reality.”

Birx told the story to reinforce her key message: All Americans play a role in protecting one another. The message appears to be working. On April 8, she announced that expected deaths from Covid-19 had dropped from earlier forecasts because “Americans are…following through on these behavioral changes.”

tina50

Observe the rule of three. Scholars of rhetoric and persuasion argue that people like things grouped in threes, because we can hold only a few items in short-term memory. If you give people three instructions, they’re likely to remember them all. Give them five, six, or more, and they’ll probably forget most of them. And people can’t act on what they can’t remember.

In a crisis, leaders who give fewer instructions — but more-concrete ones — are more likely to see people act on their words.


Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease at the National Institutes of Health, is widely admired for his straight talk and steady demeanor. CNN has called him “a public force” who translates complex medical information into everyday language. His strategy? “You don’t want to impress people and razzle-dazzle them with your knowledge,” Fauci says. “You just want them to understand what you’re talking about.”

To that end, Fauci often limits himself to three key points. For example, in an April 5 appearance on Face the Nation, he said the country would be able to relax social-distancing guidelines only when three things were in place: “the ability to test, isolate, and do contact tracing.”

Fauci also stressed that Americans must continue to “physically separate” from one another by doing three things: staying six feet apart, limiting gatherings to 10 or fewer people, and avoiding mass interactions, such as in restaurants, bars, and theaters.

Like a virus, words are infectious. They can instill fear and panic or facilitate understanding and calm. Above all, they can spark action. So choose them carefully.

tina50

tina50 发表于 2020-4-20 22:35
When New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that all nonessential workers should stay home to sl ...

家里蹲：

Stay at home

shelter-in-place

Bunker down

Hunker down

tina50

纵观人类历史：
Throughout much of human history
Throughout human history

娇娃

tina50 发表于 2020-4-21 21:59
家里蹲：

Stay at home

家里蹲就多种说法，还是喜欢stay at home,说起来顺口，不易错。

tina50

娇娃 发表于 2020-4-22 14:10
家里蹲就多种说法，还是喜欢stay at home,说起来顺口，不易错。

嗯，好说还好理解

bigcrow

tina50 发表于 2020-4-22 19:43
嗯，好说还好理解

嗯，好说好理解就是做着好累

tina50

bigcrow 发表于 2020-4-24 22:21
嗯，好说好理解就是做着好累

出去随便逛个景点都得走个多半天到一天吧？

在家呆着还累？

bigcrow

tina50 发表于 2020-4-24 23:19
出去随便逛个景点都得走个多半天到一天吧？

在家呆着还累？

如果很舒服，米国人民也不会持枪上街要求出门了，是麽？

tina50

bigcrow 发表于 2020-4-26 20:32
如果很舒服，米国人民也不会持枪上街要求出门了，是麽？

那是郁闷

娇娃

tina50 发表于 2020-4-20 22:39
Replace long words with short ones. In his groundbreaking book Thinking, Fast and Slow, Nobel econo ...

这个偶喜欢，more use short one, easy one is my rule 毕竟偶是歪果仁，简单正确就是最好哈